http://www.gsdrc.org Academic and policy-relevant publications on governance and international development. en-uk Copyright © 2009 Governance and Social Development Resource Centre Wed, 21 Oct 2009 18:00:10 GMT Wed, 21 Oct 2009 18:00:10 GMT http://www.gsdrc.org/rss/open george@gsdrc.org george@gsdrc.org http://www.gsdrc.org/images/logos/logo_gsdrc.gif http://www.gsdrc.org 205 90 GSDRC logo Don Operario How does the HIV epidemic impact on human development? What are the specific challenges amongst vulnerable populations? Written for the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), this paper examines the impacts of HIV in Eastern Europe and CIS countries. A human development perspective is called for, providing a comprehensive approach to match the complex challenges of HIV. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=3440&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=3440&source=rss HIV/AIDS Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT Marcela Villarreal What gender inequalities are resulting from prime-age adult death in countries affected by HIV/AIDS in Africa? This paper, from an international colloquium, argues that women's access to land is becoming increasingly tenuous as traditional rules and institutions break down in the face of the epidemic. This in turn heightens the risk of women contracting HIV/AIDS and perpetuating the disease. Although evidence on the conjunction of HIV/AIDS, gender and 'property grabbing' is relatively scarce, the continued viability of some societies may be at stake. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=3165&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=3165&source=rss HIV/AIDS Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT H N Chikova and C F Chinamasa What is the potential impact of HIV/AIDS on social security contributions in Zimbabwe? What can be done to limit this impact? This article from the International Social Security Review aims to project the potential impact of HIV/AIDS and imposed ceilings on social security contributions in the context of high inflation. HIV/AIDS and the growth of imposed ceilings on insurable earnings separately and collectively could have an important attritional impact on projected contributions to the National Pension and Other Benefits Scheme (NPOBS) in Zimbabwe. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2868&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2868&source=rss HIV/AIDS Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT P Banati What is the relationship between migration and HIV risk in South Africa? This paper from Development Southern Africa identifies urban informal settlements as key magnifiers of risk which increase the vulnerability of migrants to HIV. It emphasises the importance of understanding behavioural patterns of vulnerable groups and the multiple dimensions of risk. As high-risk environments, urban informal areas are worthy of special attention through intervention efforts. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2832&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2832&source=rss HIV/AIDS Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT M Morrow et al People with disability (PWD) in India are more likely than the general population to be illiterate, unemployed and impoverished. How does this affect their HIV risk? This article from BioMed Central Public Health explores HIV risk and risk perception in Manipur and Nagaland in northeast India. The resulting guidelines for stakeholders highlight opportunities for taking action with minimal cost and resources. These include using the networks and expertise of both HIV and disability sectors, producing HIV material in a variety of formats, and promoting accessibility to mainstream HIV education and services. The human rights obligations and public health benefits of modifying national and state policies and programmes to assist PWD are also highlighted. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2831&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2831&source=rss HIV/AIDS Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT P Hunt How can a human rights approach contribute to the fight against neglected diseases? Neglected diseases are understood to be those primarily affecting people living in poverty in developing countries, particularly in rural areas. This report from the World Health Organisation (WHO) aims to equip practitioners with an understanding of how human rights abuses can both cause and result from neglected diseases. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2816&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2816&source=rss HIV/AIDS Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT K Chirambo How has the prevalence of HIV/AIDS in southern Africa affected the region's democratic processes? This book from the Institute for Democracy in South Africa (IDASA) analyses the results of three studies on the epidemic's impact on governance in six southern African countries. The disease has significantly impaired political processes by debilitating electoral management boards (EMBs), marginalising the voices of HIV/AIDS sufferers and incurring costs on constituencies forced to replace deceased representatives. These challenges should prompt both a re-examination of the first past the post electoral system and an effort by political leaders and EMBs to tackle stigmatisation of HIV/AIDS sufferers. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2779&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2779&source=rss HIV/AIDS Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT Swedish International Development Agency (Sida) How can we ensure that economic growth benefits the poor? How can economic analysis become more poverty-focused? Despite a growing emphasis on pro-poor growth, analytical frameworks have remained inadequate. This paper from the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency (Sida) provides a methodological guideline for Integrated Economic Analysis (IEA). The approach rests on two premises: men and women must participate fully and equally in economic development; and employment is the key link between economic development and poverty reduction. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2710&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2710&source=rss HIV/AIDS Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT L L Levers, F I Magweva and E Mpofu What are the facilitators and barriers to community participation in district health systems (DHSs) in sub-Saharan Africa? This literature review by the Regional Network for Equity in Health in East and Southern Africa (EQUINET) explores evidence on community voice, roles and participation at district level. The analysis is based on case studies in six countries: Botswana, Lesotho, Namibia, Rwanda, Swaziland and Tanzania. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2624&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2624&source=rss HIV/AIDS Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT M Leach and I Scoones What motivates citizens to mobilise, and why? This Institute of Development Studies (IDS) paper reflects on case studies of citizen mobilisation in the North and South, arguing that the politics of knowledge is central to how movements are mobilised, framed and identified. Mobilised citizens are knowledgeable actors engaged in dynamic, networked politics, involved in shifting forms of social solidarity and identification at local, national and global levels. Understanding mobilisation processes and the implications for citizenship requires analysis from a combination of perspectives. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2613&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2613&source=rss HIV/AIDS Mon, 01 Jan 2007 00:00:00 GMT M Marshall and N Taylor How have local evangelical churches in Africa responded to the AIDS pandemic that is devastating the continent? Are churches tackling issues of sexual activity and behaviour, and if so, are they doing so in an informed and positive manner? This article from Gender and Development, based on research by Tearfund, explores the position of churches in Burkina Faso, Zimbabwe and South Africa in regard to gender relations and sex. Some local evangelical churches were largely silent regarding gender and sex issues, or reinforced traditional values which contribute to HIV infection. The Church has, at times, misunderstood Biblical teaching and, as a result, appeared to contribute to the problem. In the absence of teaching to the contrary, church adherents assume that the church endorses traditional values and practices relating to gender. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2574&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2574&source=rss HIV/AIDS Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT N Kakwani and H Son Protecting the elderly from the risk of poverty is a central challenge for developing countries. Could improvements in the pensions system help to reduce poverty in Kenya? This research from the UNDP Poverty Centre and World Bank examines the socioeconomic and demographic profiles of the elderly in Kenya to model potential interventions. It evaluates current and potential pension systems and suggests that the expansion of systems for formal sector workers and the introduction of a non-contributory social pension would reduce poverty. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2009&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=2009&source=rss HIV/AIDS Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT N Nattrass How successfully has the South African public health system’s rollout of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) addressed the needs of patients with AIDS? This paper from the Centre for Social Science Research at the University of Cape Town reviews the results of the South African government’s HAART programme between 2003 and 2005. It argues that, although government funding may have been sufficient to meet targets, insufficient political will, human resource deficiencies and unsustainable donor assistance has undermined HAART’s prospects. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1991&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1991&source=rss HIV/AIDS Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT Save the Children What are the major personal and social concerns of children in two Chinese regions where HIV/AIDS is particularly prevalent? How could social support to children in these areas be improved? This paper from Save the Children reports on a “child-led” research project on the family, school and health related preoccupations of children in Xinjiang and Yunnan Provinces, which are often linked to the spread of HIV/AIDS. It stresses the value to policymakers of children’s perspectives, and argues for increased education access, wider public health campaigns and challenging of discriminatory attitudes towards children affected by HIV/AIDS. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1985&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1985&source=rss HIV/AIDS Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT T Barnett and G Prins United Nations (UN) Security Council Resolution 1308 of July 2000 draws attention to the link between HIV/AIDS and international peace and security – specifically, the link between HIV/AIDS, UN Peacekeeping Forces (PKFs) and peace and security. What evidence is there to support this link? This report by the London School of Economics AIDS argues that whilst there has been an increasing amount of literature on the subject of AIDS and security, there is little hard evidence and the knowledge base is of variable quality. It is premature to generalise about the dynamic of the relationship between uniformed forces and the spread of HIV. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1919&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1919&source=rss HIV/AIDS Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT C Collins How does the legacy of apartheid in Southern Africa affect the problem of HIV/AIDS in Mozambique? This paper, published by the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development (UNRISD) argues that the economic structures and wars of the apartheid era indirectly helped to shape and deepen Mozambique’s HIV/AIDS pandemic. Donors must address the apartheid-wrought damage to Mozambique’s health infrastructure and simultaneously tackle the structural reasons for high rates of infection. This involves developing a long-term alternative to the region-wide low-wage migrant system in Mozambique, which fragments family life and boosts the risk factors for HIV. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1910&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1910&source=rss HIV/AIDS Sun, 01 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT D Gwatkin and A Wagstaff What works in terms of reaching the poor with health, nutrition and population services, and why? This report from the World Bank presents eleven case studies from Asia, Africa and Latin America to document how well or how poorly health, nutrition, and population programmes have performed in reaching disadvantaged groups. It concludes that better performance in reaching the poor with these services is both necessary and feasible. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1895&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1895&source=rss HIV/AIDS Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT UNAIDS How should the international community respond to the HIV crisis confronting women? This joint report, from the Joint United Nations (UN) Programme on HIV/AIDS, the UN Population Fund and the UN Development Fund for Women, is a call to action to address the triple threat of gender inequality, poverty and HIV/AIDS. It reviews various aspects of a comprehensive response. It argues that stronger leadership is needed, more resources should be mobilised and women should be empowered to claim their own rights. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1785&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1785&source=rss HIV/AIDS Thu, 01 Jan 2004 00:00:00 GMT Healthlink Worldwide This report from Support to the International Partnership against AIDS in Africa (SIPAA) examines the lessons drawn from SIPAA's own work between 2002 and 2005. Although SIPAA faced difficulties in tackling local bureaucracies and achieving recognition in certain areas, it also made some real achievements. Its experiences have reinforced the importance of listening to people living with HIV/AIDS, maximising local resources, forming inter-African networks and supporting local leaders and National AIDS councils (NACs) with long-term partnerships. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1779&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1779&source=rss HIV/AIDS Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT J Tumushabe Since 2000 the global AIDS debate has been dominated by rising prevalence on the one hand and claims of the Ugandan miracle on the other. This paper from the United Nations Research Institute for Social Development looks at the politics of HIV/AIDS in Uganda. It argues that the contributions of different players in the struggle against HIV/AIDS have been ignored and the successes squandered. http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1691&source=rss http://www.gsdrc.org/go/display&type=Document&id=1691&source=rss HIV/AIDS Sat, 01 Jan 2005 00:00:00 GMT